Hattuša Sisällysluettelo Ympäristö | Lähteet | Kirjallisuutta | Aiheesta muualla | NavigointivalikkoHattusha: the Hittite Capitallaajentamalla

HeettiläisetMuinainen Lähi-itäUnescon maailmanperintökohteet Turkissa


heettiläisenTurkinFryygianUnesconmaailmanperintöluettelossaErnst Chantrevehnäohrakylvövirvilä








 Hattušan kuninkaanportti.


Hattuša oli muinaisen heettiläisen valtakunnan pääkaupunki myöhäispronssiajalla. Se sijaitsi nykyisen Turkin keskiosissa. Se tuhoutui ja hylättiin noin 1200 eaa., mutta Fryygian aikana paikalle rakennettiin uudelleen kaupunki. Tällöin sitä kutsuttiin nimellä Pteria.[1] Hattuša on tunnettu myös nimellä Bogâzkale. Hattušan raunioalue on ollut Unescon maailmanperintöluettelossa vuodesta 1986.[2]


Ernst Chantre aloitti alueella kaivaukset vuosina 1893–1894. Saksalaiset arkeologit tutkivat aluetta vuonna 1906 ja edelleen vuosina 1913–1931 sekä 1940–1951, tosin maailmansodat aiheuttivat työssä keskeytyksiä.




Sisällysluettelo





  • 1 Ympäristö


  • 2 Lähteet


  • 3 Kirjallisuutta


  • 4 Aiheesta muualla




Ympäristö |




Kaupungin viljasiiloja.


Kaupunkia ympäröivät aikoinaan pellot ja laitumina käytetyt kukkulat. Alueella kasvoi muinaisina aikoina metsää, josta asukkaat saivat niin poltto- kuin rakennuspuutakin. Viljelykasveista tunnettiin vehnä, ohra ja kylvövirvilä. Myös pellavaa kasvatettiin, vaikka villa olikin vaatteiden pääasiallinen raaka-aine. Lihaa saatiin etupäässä kotieläimistä. Alueella liikuneiden hirvieläinten metsästäminen oli todennäköisesti varattu ainoastaan ylhäisön huviksi. Kaupungin lähistöllä virtaavat joet ovat pieniä ja purjehduskelvottomia. Lähellä sijaitsee rotko nimeltä Yazilikaya ja Büyükkalen kukkula, jonka päällä sijaitsee kuninkaallinen asuinpaikka.[3][4]



Lähteet |



  1. ↑ Michael Roaf: ”Hattusas”, Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East, s. 144. Oxford: Equinox, 1990. ISBN 0-8160-2218-6. (englanniksi)


  2. ↑ Hattusha: the Hittite Capital Unesco World Heritage Center. Viitattu 25.12.2014. (englanniksi)


  3. ↑ Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East


  4. ↑ Hattusha: the Hittite Capital



Kirjallisuutta |


  • Newe, Peter: Hattuša- Stadt der Götter und Tempel: neue Ausgrabungen in der Haupstadt der Hethiter. Mainz: P. von Zabern, 1992. ISBN 3-8053-1478-7.


Aiheesta muualla |


  • http://www.pbase.com/dossen/bogazkale

  • http://www.visitturkeynow.com/cities/c.hattusas.htm


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