Şamaxı Lähteet | Aiheesta muualla | Navigointivalikko40°37′49″N, 48°38′29″E40°37′49″N, 48°38′29″EInfobox OKVirheellinen NIMI-arvoWorld Gazetteer: Azerbaijan: largest cities and towns and statistics of their populationAzerb.com: Shemakha (Samaxi)Tourism Portal of Azerbaidzhan: Shamakhy cityAzerbaidjan: Territorial and administrative units

Azerbaidžanin kaupungitŞamaxın piirikunta


ven.AzerbaidžanissaKaukasuksenBakustaŞamaxın piirinTbilisiinŠirvan-šaahienMongolitVenäjäänazerejaarmenialaisiavenäläisiäNasir al-Din TusilleobservatorioPirqulun luonnonpuistoperjantaimoskeijamausoleumiryhmäSabirin
















Şamaxı

Şamaxı. Engelbert Kämpferin 1700-luvulla julkaistu kaiverrus.
Şamaxı. Engelbert Kämpferin 1700-luvulla julkaistu kaiverrus.

vaakuna
vaakuna





Şamaxı





Koordinaatit: 40°37′49″N, 48°38′29″E


Valtio
Azerbaidžanin lippu Azerbaidžan
Piiri
Şamaxı
Väkiluku (2010)
38 500

Infobox OKVirheellinen NIMI-arvo


















Şamaxı (ven. Шемаха́, Šemaha) on kaupunki Azerbaidžanissa. Se sijaitsee Kaukasuksen pääjonon kaakkoisella reuna-alueella 122 kilometriä Bakusta länteen.[1] Kaupunki on Şamaxın piirin keskus. Sen kautta kulkee Bakusta Tbilisiin johtava M1-valtatie. Asukkaita on 31 700 henkeä (vuonna 2010).[2]


Şamaxı on yksi Azerbaidžanin vanhimmista kaupungeista. 800–1500-luvuilla se oli Širvan-šaahien valtakunnan pääkaupunki sekä merkittävä kaupan, käsityöammattien, arkkitehtuurin ja taiteen keskus. Mongolit valloittivat ja hävittivät kaupungin vuonna 1222. 1700-luvun puolivälissä siitä tuli Širvanin (Şamaxın) kaanikunnan pääkaupunki. Vuonna 1805 alue liitettiin Venäjään.[1]


Vuonna 1840 kaupungista tuli Kaspian alueen ja vuonna 1846 Şamaxın läänin hallinnollinen keskus. Vuoden 1859 maanjäristyksen jälkeen lääninhallinto siirrettiin Bakuun. Myöhemmin kaupunki oli Bakun lääniin kuuluneen kihlakunnan keskus. 1800-luvun lopussa sen asukkaista 79 % oli azereja, 18 % armenialaisia ja 3 % venäläisiä.[3]


Nykyään Şamaxı on maatalousalueen keskus. Kaupungissa toimii opettajakorkeakoulun osasto, valistusteknikumi sekä teollisuus- ja talousopisto. Lähistöllä sijaitsevat Nasir al-Din Tusille nimetty observatorio ja Pirqulun luonnonpuisto. Kaupungin muinaiset rakennukset ovat tuhoutuneet lukuisissa maanjäristyksissä. Säilyneistä nähtävyyksistä huomattavimpia ovat 700–1400-luvuilla rakennettu perjantaimoskeija ja Yeddi gümbəzin mausoleumiryhmä. Kaupungissa on kotiseutumuseo ja runoilija Sabirin kotimuseo.





  • Kaupungin perjantaimoskeija (perustettu 743-744 jaa.)







  • Tähtitieteellinen observatorio.





Lähteet |



  1. ↑ ab Bolšaja Sovetskaja Entsiklopedija, tom 29, s. 378. Moskva: Sovetskaja Entsiklopedija, 1978.


  2. ↑ World Gazetteer: Azerbaijan: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population world-gazetteer.com. Viitattu 1.3.2011. (englanniksi)


  3. ↑ Entsiklopeditšeski slovar Brokgauza i Jefrona (CD-rom). Moskva: Adept, 2002 (alkuperäisjulkaisu 1890–1907).



Aiheesta muualla |



  • Azerb.com: Shemakha (Samaxi) (englanniksi)


  • Tourism Portal of Azerbaidzhan: Shamakhy city (englanniksi)


  • Azerbaidjan: Territorial and administrative units (azeriksi), (englanniksi), (venäjäksi)


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