Hermostopiena Alkuperä | Luokittelu ja erilaistuminen | Lähdeluettelo | Navigointivalikko

Kehitysbiologia


alkionektodermistäääreishermostonNeurulaatiossaneuroneiksimelanosyyteiksigliasoluiksikateenkorvanhermostoputkensomiittienautonomisen ääreishermostonselkäydinhermojenSchwannin solutlisämunuaisytimenaorttaakeuhkovaltimongangliothedelmöittyminentsygoottivakoutuminenmorulablastulaalkiorakkulagastrulaatioalkiolevyektodermineurulaatiohermostopienaendodermimesodermisomiitti





Hermostopiena on alkion kehityksessä esiintyvä tilapäinen rakenne, josta erilaistuu monia soluja kehon eri osiin. Se sijaitsee epidermin ja hermostoputken välissä. Hermostopiena irtoaa ektodermistä ja muodostaa muun muassa ääreishermoston.



Alkuperä |


Neurulaatiossa tapahtuvan hermostoputken sulkeutumisen seurauksena muodostuu hermostopiena, joka sijaitsee selänpuoleisesti hermostoputkeen nähden. Hermostopienaa on lähes koko sikiön pituudelta, ja sen kehitys tapahtuu monessa eri osassa. Osa hermostopienaperäisitä soluista saa määrätyn tehtävän jo ennen irtautumistaan hermostopienasta. Tätä kutsutaan varhaiseksi määräytymiseksi.



Luokittelu ja erilaistuminen |


Hermostopienan osat jaotellaan sijaintipaikan mukaan neljään pääryhmään:


  • Kraniaalinen (päänpuoleinen) hermostopiena

Kraniaalisen hermostopienan solut kulkeutuvat nielukaariin, jossa solut erilaistuvat neuroneiksi, melanosyyteiksi, gliasoluiksi, odontoblasteiksi sekä kasvojen alueen luuta ja rustoa tuottaviksi soluiksi. Lisäksi osasta muodostuu kateenkorvan soluja.


  • Vartalon hermostopiena

Vartalon hermostopienan solut vaeltavat kahta pääkulkureittiä. Pinnan epiteelin alla kulkevat solut muodostavat melanosyyttejä, kun taas hermostoputken ja somiittien välistä vaeltavat solut muodostavat useita rakenteita, kuten selkäydinhermosolmut, autonomisen ääreishermoston, selkäydinhermojen Schwannin solut, lisämunuaisytimen ja aorttaa ympäröivät hermosolut.


  • Sydänhermostopiena

Sydänhermostopiena sijaitsee kraniaalisen ja vartalon hermostopienan välissä. Sydänhermostopienasta muodostuu aortan ja keuhkovaltimon välinen seinämä, sekä suurten valtimoiden alkuosan lihas-sidekudosseinämä.


  • Vagaalinen ja sakraalinen hermostopiena

Täältä peräisin olevat solut muodostavat suoliston parasympaattiset gangliot.



Lähdeluettelo |


  • Gilbert, Scott, F .: Developmental Biology 7th Edition Sinawer Associates, 2003. ISBN 0-87893-258-5

  • Sariola, Hannu (toim.): Kehitysbiologia - Solusta yksilöksi Duodecim, 2003. ISBN 951-9347-01-1

  • Norden, Drew M., de Lahunta, Alexander: The Embryology of Domestic Animals Developmental Mechanismsand Malformations Williams & Wilkins, 1985. ISBN 0-683-06545-9

  • L. R. Strachan, M. L. Condic (2007). Neural crest motility on fibronectin is regulated by integrin activation. PMID 18036522



alkionkehitys · alkio



hedelmöittyminen · tsygootti · vakoutuminen · morula (solurykelmä-aste) · blastula · alkiorakkula (blastokysti) · gastrulaatio · alkiolevy · ektodermi: neurulaatio · hermostopiena · endodermi · mesodermi: somiitti









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