Velosipedi Lähteet | NavigointivalikkoKipajalka ja kinttukone, Kotus

Polkupyörät1800-luvun keksinnöt


polkupyörääketjujavipuvarsinpariisilainenPierre MichauxpatentoiVenäjän kielessäViron kielessäsuom.I. K. Inha







Erilaisia velosipedejä saksalaisessa tietosanakirjassa vuodelta 1887.


Velosipedi tarkoittaa sellaista polkupyörää, jossa ei ole ketjuja ja jonka polkimet on yhdistetty etupyörään vipuvarsin.lähde? Tämän nykyisen polkupyörän edeltäjän kehitti pariisilainen vaunuseppä Pierre Michaux vuonna 1861[1], ja sen patentoi hänen palveluksessaan toiminut Pierre Lallemet Yhdysvalloissa vuonna 1866.[2]Venäjän kielessä sana velosiped tarkoittaa kuitenkin edelleen kaikkia polkupyöriä, myös nykyaikaisia.


Englantilaiset nimitykset ordinary ja penny-farthing annettiin velosipedistä parannetuille malleille, joissa etupyörä oli huomattavasti suurempi kuin takapyörä. Tähän hieman hullunkuriseltakin näyttävään pyörämalliin päädyttiin, koska polkupyörän saattoi saada kulkemaan nopeammin sillä perusteella, että iso pyörä kulkee yhdellä kampikierroksella pidemmän matkan kuin pieni. Nopeuden havaittiin olevan hyödyksi etenkin kilpailukäytössä.


Ennen 1880-lukua polkupyörää kutsuttiin Suomessa velosipediksi, velocipediksi, pikarattaaksi, polkurattaaksi tai pikakulkuriksi.[3]Viron kielessä polkupyörä on jalgratas tai jalgrats, suom. "jalkaratas". Vaikka sanaa käytettiin jo ennen vuotta 1886, valokuvaaja, kirjailija, kääntäjä ja toimittaja I. K. Inha mainitaan yleensä polkupyörä-sanan keksijänä. Inha matkusti erikoisvalmisteisella polkupyörällä kuvausmatkoillaan ja välitti englantilaisia polkupyöriä myytäväksi 1880-luvulla.[4]



Lähteet |


  • Kylliäinen, Mikko: ”Juoksukoneesta ketjuvetoiseen polkupyörään”. Kirjassa Kimmo Antila (toim.): Velomania! Pyörällä halki aikojen. Tampere: Vapriikki, 2007. ISBN 978-951-609-334-8.


Viitteet |



  1. ↑ Sidwells, Chris: Suuri pyöräkirja, sivut 1-11; WSOY, ISBN 951-0-28648-6


  2. ↑ Kylliäinen 2007, s. 18.


  3. ↑ Kipajalka ja kinttukone, Kotus


  4. ↑ Kylliäinen 2007, s. 54–55.








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