Muhammad bin Tughluq Lähteet | NavigointivalikkoInfobox OKFoundations of Tughlaq Dynasty in IndiaThe TughluqsTughlaq Dynastylaajentamalla

Delhin sulttaanit


Delhin sulttaanikuntaaTughluq-dynastianGhiyas-ud-din TughluqiaDaulatabadiinpakkosiirrettiinmongolienpronssisetFiruz Shah Tughluq



















Muhammad bin Tughluq
Delhi tughra.jpg
Delhin sulttaani


1325–1351

Edeltäjä
Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughluq
Seuraaja
Firuz Shah Tughluq
Henkilötiedot
Kuollut
1351
Tiedot
Dynastia
Tughluq-dynastia
Infobox OK

Muhammad bin Tughluq oli Delhin sulttaanikuntaa hallinneen Tughluq-dynastian sulttaani vuosina 1325–1351. Hän seurasi vallassa isäänsä Ghiyas-ud-din Tughluqia. Sulttaanina Muhammad bin Tughluqin ensimmäinen toimi oli nostaa maaveroa, mikä johti tyytymättömyyten. Vero otettiin käyttöön aikana jolloin alue kärsi kuivuudesta, mikä johti satojen epäonnistumiseen ja nälänhätään. Sulttaani kasvatti veroa, minkä vuoksi talonpojat joutuivat hylkäämään tilansa ja monet ryhtyivät maantierosvoiksi. Veronkantajat jatkoivat verojen keräämistä sortotoimin, mikä aiheutti suuria kapinoita. Kapinat tukahdutettiin ankarasti.[1]


Muhammad bin Tughluq siirsi maan pääkaupungin Daulatabadiin, jonne väestöä pakkosiirrettiin huolimatta inhimillisistä kärsimyksistä. Pääkaupunki haluttiin siirtää keskeiselle paikalle valtakuntaa ja näin pyrittiin myös suojautumaan mongolien hyökkäyksiltä. Pääkaupunki osoittautui toimimattomaksi ja ihmiset siirrettiin takaisin Delhiin. Daulatabad hylättiin sillä havaittiin ettei maan pohjoisosia voinut hallita uudesta pääkaupungista käsin.[1][2][3]


Hänen epäonnistuneisiin kokeiluihinsa lukeutui myös uuden valuutan liikkeelle lasku. Hän otti käyttöön pronssiset kolikot, minkä johdosta alettiin valaa suuria määriä rahaväärennöksiä. Tämä johti maan kaupan pysähtymiseen ja taloudellisiin vaikeuksiin. Uusi valuutta päätettiin vetää pois. Myös hänen hallintouudistuksensa epäonnistuivat, minkä johdosta virkamiehet eivät enää olleet sulttaanille uskollisia. Delhin valtaa vastaan kapinoitiin ja valtakunnan eri osat alkoivat irtautua Delhin vallasta. Muhammad bin Tughluq kuoli vuonna 1351 ja hänen jälkeensä sulttaaniksi nousi hänen serkkunsa Firuz Shah Tughluq. Tämä peri huomattavasti edeltäjäänsä pienemmän valtakunnan.[1][2][3]



Lähteet |



  1. ↑ abc Foundations of Tughlaq Dynasty in India historydiscussion.net. Viitattu 27.3.2018. (englanniksi)


  2. ↑ ab The Tughluqs Encyclopaedia Britannica. Viitattu 27.3.2018. (englanniksi)


  3. ↑ ab Tughlaq Dynasty indianmirror.com. Viitattu 27.3.2018. (englanniksi)



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