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Pietarin muistomerkit


ven.VenäjänNikolai I:nPietarissaVenäjälläIisakinaukiollaIisakinkirkonMarian palatsinAuguste de MontferrandinpronssistaPjotr KlodtgraniitistaporfyyristamarmoristadekabristikapinanHeinätorinkoleramellakoidenMihail SperanskinVerebjenPietarin ja Moskovan välisen radanNeuvostoaikaisenLeningradin piirityksen







Nikolai I:n patsas.


Nikolai I:n patsas (ven. Па́мятник Никола́ю I, Pamjatnik Nikolaju pervomu) on Venäjän keisarin Nikolai I:n muistomerkki Pietarissa Venäjällä. Vuonna 1859 paljastettu patsas sijaitsee Iisakinaukiolla Iisakinkirkon ja Marian palatsin välissä.[1]


Muistomerkin suunnittelu alkoi vuonna 1856 arkkitehti Auguste de Montferrandin piirustusten mukaisesti. Sen mallin laati Roman Zalemann. Kuusi metriä korkean ratsastajapatsaan suunnitteli ja valoi pronssista kuvanveistäjä Pjotr Klodt. Patsaan ja sen graniitista, porfyyrista ja marmorista pystytetyn jalustan yhteinen korkeus on 16,3 metriä.[1]


Jalustan kohokuvat kuvaavat Nikolai I:n hallituskauden tapahtumia: dekabristikapinan kukistamista vuonna 1825, Heinätorin koleramellakoiden rauhoittamista vuonna 1831, Venäjän lakikokoelman laatineen Mihail Speranskin palkitsemista vuonna 1833 ja Verebjen rautatiesillan tarkastusta Pietarin ja Moskovan välisen radan avajaisissa vuonna 1851. Patsasta reunustavat veistokset symboloivat oikeudenmukaisuutta, uskoa, viisautta ja voimaa. Niille on annettu keisarin puolison ja tyttärien piirteet.[1]


Neuvostoaikaisen tulkinnan mukaan ”muistomerkin prameus korostaa santarmin maineen saavuttaneen tsaarin kylmäkiskoista ylimielisyyttä, sotilaallista kireyttä ja teatraalisuutta. Jalustaa koristavat kohokuvat kertovat tsaarin kunniattoman hallituskauden tapahtumista. Neljä vertauskuvallista veistosta herättivät jo aikalaisissakin pelkkää ivaa”.[2] Patsaan taiteelliset arvot kuitenkin estivät sen hävittämisen. Ratsastajapatsaan erikoisuutena on että se seisoo vain kahdella tukijalalla[1].


Leningradin piirityksen aikana muistomerkki oli suojattu hiekkasäkein täytetyllä kotelolla. Se restauroitiin perusteellisesti vuosina 1987–1988. Alkuperäisen kaltainen aitaus pystytettiin uudelleen vuosina 1991–1992.[1]



Lähteet |



  1. ↑ abcde Entsiklopedija Sankt-Peterburga encspb.ru. Viitattu 2.1.2012. (venäjäksi)


  2. ↑ Dorošinskaja, J. & Krutšina-Bogdanov, V.: Leningrad ja sen esikaupungit: matkaopas, s. 163-164. Moskova: Progress, 1980.



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