Pandemia Sisällysluettelo Pandemian ehdot | WHO:n pandemia-asteikko | Vakavuusasteikko | Lähteet | Aiheesta muualla | NavigointivalikkoWorld now at the start of 2009 influenza pandemicCurrent WHO phase of pandemic alertKansallinen varautumissuunnitelma influenssapandemiaa vartenSTM:n pandemiavarautumisen raportti 2008Yhteiskunnan elintärkeiden toimintojen turvaamisen strategia 2006laajentamalla

Epidemiat


epidemiaakreikanTautisyöpiinklonaalisesti tarttuva syöpätartuntatautikaanMaailman terveysjärjestönmusta surmakoleraespanjantautiLintuinfluenssanMeksikossasikainfluenssanWHO





Pandemia tarkoittaa maailmanlaajuisesti levinnyttä epidemiaa. Sana tulee kreikan sanoista pan ’kaikki’ ja demos ’ihmiset’.


Tauti ei välttämättä ole pandemia, vaikka siihen kuolisi paljon ihmisiä. Esimerkiksi syöpiin on menehtynyt erittäin paljon ihmisiä, mutta niitä ei katsota pandemiaksi, koska syöpä ei ole tarttuvaa paitsi poikkeustapauksissa (kts. klonaalisesti tarttuva syöpä). Toisaalta tartuntatautikaan ei välttämättä ole pandemia, ellei se ole levinnyt laajalle alueelle.




Sisällysluettelo





  • 1 Pandemian ehdot


  • 2 WHO:n pandemia-asteikko


  • 3 Vakavuusasteikko


  • 4 Lähteet


  • 5 Aiheesta muualla




Pandemian ehdot |


Maailman terveysjärjestön mukaan pandemia voi syntyä, kun kolme ehtoa täyttyy:


  • uusi tauti ilmaantuu

  • taudin vaikuttava tekijä vaikuttaa ihmisiin aiheuttaen vakavaa sairautta

  • taudin vaikuttava tekijä leviää helposti ja vahvistuu

Pandemioita ovat olleet esimerkiksi musta surma, kolera ja espanjantauti.


Lintuinfluenssan pelättiin laajenevan pandemiaksi. Tämä olisi kuitenkin edellyttänyt viruksen muuntumista ilmateitse ihmisestä toiseen tarttuvaksi, eikä varmistettuja ihmisestä toiseen tapahtuneita tartuntoja raportoitu. Meksikossa keväällä 2009 havaitun lintuinfluenssan muunnoksen, sikainfluenssan, julisti pandemiaksi 11. kesäkuuta 2009 WHO.[1]



WHO:n pandemia-asteikko |


Maailman terveysjärjestö WHO käyttää kuusipykäläistä asteikkoa arvioidessaan eläinperäisten virustautien pandemiariskiä.[2]


  • Uhkataso 1: Eläinten virukset eivät aiheuta tartuntoja ihmisissä.

  • Uhkataso 2: Tartunta ihmiseen vahvistettu. Mahdollinen pandemiauhka.

  • Uhkataso 3: Influenssavirus aiheuttaa yksittäisiä sairastumisia ihmisissä. Rajoitettu tarttuvuus ihmisestä ihmiseen.

  • Uhkataso 4: Tauti tarttuu todistetusti ihmisestä ihmiseen. Tauti leviää yhteisötasolle. Merkittävä pandemiariski.

  • Uhkataso 5: Tauti tarttuu ihmisestä toiseen ainakin kahdessa maassa. Voimakas pandemian vaara.

  • Uhkataso 6: Virus leviää etäällä olevaan maahan. Pandemia meneillään.


Vakavuusasteikko |


Pääartikkeli: Pandemian vakavuusasteikko


Lähteet |



  1. ↑ World now at the start of 2009 influenza pandemic


  2. ↑ Current WHO phase of pandemic alert



Aiheesta muualla |


  • STM 2006 Kansallinen varautumissuunnitelma influenssapandemiaa varten

  • STM:n pandemiavarautumisen raportti 2008

  • Puolustusministeriön Yhteiskunnan elintärkeiden toimintojen turvaamisen strategia 2006


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