Maonanit Historia | Kulttuuri | Lähteet | NavigointivalikkoInfobox OK

Kiinan etniset ryhmät


Kiinanvirallisesti tunnustamista 55:täGuangxinHechiMaonanin kielithailaisiin kieliinHunanistaFujianiinShandongiinhan-kiinalaisiinMaonanin kielenkiinaazhuangiataolaisuuttabuddhalaisuuttamaissiariisiätupakkaavehnää











Maonanit
Väkiluku
Kiina 107 166

Merkittävät asuinalueet




Guangxi
Kielet
maonan, kiina, zhuang
Infobox OK

Maonanit ovat yksi Kiinan virallisesti tunnustamista 55:tä etnisestä vähemmistöryhmästä. Vuoden 2000 väestönlaskennan mukaan heitä oli yhteensä 107 166[1] ja he asuvat pääosin Guangxin autonomisella alueella Huanjiangin ja Hechin piirikunnissa (Hechin piirikunta on nykyään Jinchengjiangin kaupunkipiiri Hechi-nimisessä prefektuuritason kaupungissa). Maonanin kieli kuuluu thailaisiin kieliin.



Historia |


Maonanien alkuperästä ei ole tutkijoiden joukossa täyttä yksimielisyyttä. Maonanit jakautuvat viiteen sukuryhmään, jotka käyttävät sukunimiä Tan, Lu, Meng, Yan ja Wei. Tan-suku on näistä suurin ja heidän oman perinteensä mukaan he tulivat nykyisille alueilleen Hunanista. Muut suvut juontavat puolestaan juurensa Fujianiin ja Shandongiin. Sitä mikä yhdisti eri alueilta tulleet ryhmät yhdeksi etniseksi ryhmäksi ei tiedetä. Maonanit alkoivat sekoittua han-kiinalaisiin 1300-luvulta lähtien ja he ovatkin sittemmin kiinalaistuneet voimakkaasti.[2]



Kulttuuri |


Maonanin kielen lisäksi maonanit puhuvat usein kiinaa ja/tai zhuangia. Maonanit harjoittavat taolaisuutta, buddhalaisuutta ja esi-isien palvontaa. Han-kiinalaisesta esi-isien palvonnasta poiketen maonanit palvovat myös naispuolisia esivanhempiaan. Maonanit ovat maanviljelijöitä ja he kasvattavat esimerkiksi maissia, riisiä, tupakkaa ja vehnää. Ennen kommunistien tuloa valtaan vuonna 1949 suurin osa maonaneista ei omistanut itse maata, vaan he työskentelivät suuremmilla tiloilla, tai vuokraviljelijöinä.[2]



Lähteet |



  1. ↑ Zheng Qian: China's Ethnic Groups and Religions, s. 19-22. Cengage Learning, 2010. ISBN 981-4319-76-7. (englanniksi)


  2. ↑ ab James S. Olson: An ethnohistorical dictionary of China, s. 224-225. Greenwood Press, 1998. ISBN 0–313–28853–4. (englanniksi)








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