Are the names of these months realistic? The 2019 Stack Overflow Developer Survey Results Are In Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara Planned maintenance scheduled April 17/18, 2019 at 00:00UTC (8:00pm US/Eastern)How to express a time exactly on the hour?When did acronyms first appear?How do you write dates in Latin?What is the optative?Did the Romans have a Valentine's day?How would you say, “How long have you been a X?”Usage of “Have to” before The Middle AgesDid the Romans have an expression for a national day?When did elision fall out of use?How did the Romans say what year it was?
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Are the names of these months realistic?
The 2019 Stack Overflow Developer Survey Results Are In
Announcing the arrival of Valued Associate #679: Cesar Manara
Planned maintenance scheduled April 17/18, 2019 at 00:00UTC (8:00pm US/Eastern)How to express a time exactly on the hour?When did acronyms first appear?How do you write dates in Latin?What is the optative?Did the Romans have a Valentine's day?How would you say, “How long have you been a X?”Usage of “Have to” before The Middle AgesDid the Romans have an expression for a national day?When did elision fall out of use?How did the Romans say what year it was?
I'm working on a calendar. To choose the name of the months I focused on Latin and in particular on a systematisation of the names finishing with 'ber'. I was wondering if my choices were correct and realistic.
For example, the name of the twelfth month is too long so if you think you know how it would have evolved in English, I'm interested.
- Premember
- Secember
- Tertiember
- Quatember
- Quintember
- Sextember
- September
- October
- November
- December
- Undecember
- Duodecember
language-evolution time calendarium
asked Mar 31 at 17:26
BlincerBlincer
1805
add a comment |
I'm working on a calendar. To choose the name of the months I focused on Latin and in particular on a systematisation of the names finishing with 'ber'. I was wondering if my choices were correct and realistic.
For example, the name of the twelfth month is too long so if you think you know how it would have evolved in English, I'm interested.
- Premember
- Secember
- Tertiember
- Quatember
- Quintember
- Sextember
- September
- October
- November
- December
- Undecember
- Duodecember
language-evolution time calendarium
asked Mar 31 at 17:26
BlincerBlincer
1805
add a comment |
I'm working on a calendar. To choose the name of the months I focused on Latin and in particular on a systematisation of the names finishing with 'ber'. I was wondering if my choices were correct and realistic.
For example, the name of the twelfth month is too long so if you think you know how it would have evolved in English, I'm interested.
- Premember
- Secember
- Tertiember
- Quatember
- Quintember
- Sextember
- September
- October
- November
- December
- Undecember
- Duodecember
language-evolution time calendarium
asked Mar 31 at 17:26
BlincerBlincer
1805
I'm working on a calendar. To choose the name of the months I focused on Latin and in particular on a systematisation of the names finishing with 'ber'. I was wondering if my choices were correct and realistic.
For example, the name of the twelfth month is too long so if you think you know how it would have evolved in English, I'm interested.
- Premember
- Secember
- Tertiember
- Quatember
- Quintember
- Sextember
- September
- October
- November
- December
- Undecember
- Duodecember
language-evolution time calendarium
language-evolution time calendarium
asked Mar 31 at 17:26
BlincerBlincer
1805
asked Mar 31 at 17:26
BlincerBlincer
1805
edited Apr 1 at 16:59
Blincer
asked Mar 31 at 17:26
BlincerBlincer
1805
asked Mar 31 at 17:26
BlincerBlincer
1805
asked Mar 31 at 17:26
BlincerBlincer
1805
1805
add a comment |
add a comment |
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
In addition to the familiar September–December, there were two more numerically named months before they were renamed in early imperial era: Quintilis and Sextilis.
These should definitely go to your slots 5 and 6.
In English you could call these Quintile and Sextile.
You seem to have slightly misanalyzed the ending.
What you add to the end of a number is not -ember but -ber.
This is an easy mistake to make, as three of the four usual month numbers (septem, octo, novem, decem) end in -em.
The key observation is that we have October, not Octember.
It appears that the numbers 7–10 get the ending -ber to the cardinal number, whereas 5–6 get the ending -ilis to the (stem of the) ordinal number.
That is, Quin(c)tilis and Sextilis seem to be based on quintus and sextus, not quinque and sex.
So, there are two attested ways to produce month names from numbers.
To me it sounds more natural to use the ordinal one for the first months:
- primus > Primilis
- secundus/alter > Secundilis/Altrilis
tertius > Tertilis (somehow Tertiilis sounds unnatural)- quartus > Quartilis
Tertilis and Quartilis (or Tertile and Quartile in English) sound quite natural to me, but the first two less so.
However, they feel more understandable and Latin to me than the ones you proposed.
With this pattern the first half of the year has -ilis, the second half has -ber.
I find no way around the somewhat clumsy Undecember and Duodecember.
As Draconis points out in another answer, the Latin numbers 11 and 12 are undecim and duodecim, so maybe you could change the month names to Undecimber and Duodecimber.
However, it would not be unreasonable to keep the -e- by analogy in the English versions.
I don't know whether adding -ber in Latin would change the vowel or whether later developments in English would naturally lead to a vowel change, but this is just a minor detail.
One practical benefit of the -i- is that it sets the eleventh and twelfth month apart from December.
An option worth serious consideration is having the year start in March instead of January.
This is what the Roman calendar did, and this is why the names are off by two.
This would have the benefit of the months names aligning with the ones already in use.
Here is the suggested list in English resulting from the considerations above:
- Primile
- Altrile or Secundile
- Tertile
- Quartile
- Quintile
- Sextile
- September
- October
- November
- December
- Undecember or Undecimber
- Duodecember or Duodecimber
answered Mar 31 at 18:03
Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta
49.2k1271287
add a comment |
To supplement Joonas's wonderful answer, the words for "eleven" and "twelve" in Latin are undecim and duodecim, with an i. So I would suggest those months be changed to Undecimber and Duodecimber.
answered Mar 31 at 18:42
DraconisDraconis
18.6k22476
Good point! I upgraded my answer a bit. I would find it reasonable to keep the e in the English versions by analogy. I don't really know whether the -ber would have an effect on the vowel in Latin.
– Joonas Ilmavirta♦
Mar 31 at 18:49
1
I would strongly prefer "Undecember" and "Duodecember" rather than using forms ending in "-decimber", both because of the analogy of "September", &al., and the fact the reduction of the "e" to "i" in undecim would not naturally occur in a heavy syllable, as in Undec(e/i)mber.
– varro
Apr 1 at 3:31
@varro Does vowel reduction not happen in heavy syllables? I thought it happened to short vowels no matter what came after them.
– Draconis
Apr 1 at 17:42
1
I probably should have been more precise in my comment. Compare accipere with acceptus - the second vowel in each exhibits a type of vowel reduction, but the closed syllable in acceptus prevents the last stage in the full progression of /a/ -> /e/ -> /i/, which is at issue here. That said, the various numbers ending in -decim seem to be somewhat irregular in that we should expect to see forms such as *undicem, &c. rather than undecim.
– varro
Apr 1 at 19:12
add a comment |
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2 Answers
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2 Answers
2
active
oldest
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votes
In addition to the familiar September–December, there were two more numerically named months before they were renamed in early imperial era: Quintilis and Sextilis.
These should definitely go to your slots 5 and 6.
In English you could call these Quintile and Sextile.
You seem to have slightly misanalyzed the ending.
What you add to the end of a number is not -ember but -ber.
This is an easy mistake to make, as three of the four usual month numbers (septem, octo, novem, decem) end in -em.
The key observation is that we have October, not Octember.
It appears that the numbers 7–10 get the ending -ber to the cardinal number, whereas 5–6 get the ending -ilis to the (stem of the) ordinal number.
That is, Quin(c)tilis and Sextilis seem to be based on quintus and sextus, not quinque and sex.
So, there are two attested ways to produce month names from numbers.
To me it sounds more natural to use the ordinal one for the first months:
- primus > Primilis
- secundus/alter > Secundilis/Altrilis
tertius > Tertilis (somehow Tertiilis sounds unnatural)- quartus > Quartilis
Tertilis and Quartilis (or Tertile and Quartile in English) sound quite natural to me, but the first two less so.
However, they feel more understandable and Latin to me than the ones you proposed.
With this pattern the first half of the year has -ilis, the second half has -ber.
I find no way around the somewhat clumsy Undecember and Duodecember.
As Draconis points out in another answer, the Latin numbers 11 and 12 are undecim and duodecim, so maybe you could change the month names to Undecimber and Duodecimber.
However, it would not be unreasonable to keep the -e- by analogy in the English versions.
I don't know whether adding -ber in Latin would change the vowel or whether later developments in English would naturally lead to a vowel change, but this is just a minor detail.
One practical benefit of the -i- is that it sets the eleventh and twelfth month apart from December.
An option worth serious consideration is having the year start in March instead of January.
This is what the Roman calendar did, and this is why the names are off by two.
This would have the benefit of the months names aligning with the ones already in use.
Here is the suggested list in English resulting from the considerations above:
- Primile
- Altrile or Secundile
- Tertile
- Quartile
- Quintile
- Sextile
- September
- October
- November
- December
- Undecember or Undecimber
- Duodecember or Duodecimber
answered Mar 31 at 18:03
Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta
49.2k1271287
add a comment |
In addition to the familiar September–December, there were two more numerically named months before they were renamed in early imperial era: Quintilis and Sextilis.
These should definitely go to your slots 5 and 6.
In English you could call these Quintile and Sextile.
You seem to have slightly misanalyzed the ending.
What you add to the end of a number is not -ember but -ber.
This is an easy mistake to make, as three of the four usual month numbers (septem, octo, novem, decem) end in -em.
The key observation is that we have October, not Octember.
It appears that the numbers 7–10 get the ending -ber to the cardinal number, whereas 5–6 get the ending -ilis to the (stem of the) ordinal number.
That is, Quin(c)tilis and Sextilis seem to be based on quintus and sextus, not quinque and sex.
So, there are two attested ways to produce month names from numbers.
To me it sounds more natural to use the ordinal one for the first months:
- primus > Primilis
- secundus/alter > Secundilis/Altrilis
tertius > Tertilis (somehow Tertiilis sounds unnatural)- quartus > Quartilis
Tertilis and Quartilis (or Tertile and Quartile in English) sound quite natural to me, but the first two less so.
However, they feel more understandable and Latin to me than the ones you proposed.
With this pattern the first half of the year has -ilis, the second half has -ber.
I find no way around the somewhat clumsy Undecember and Duodecember.
As Draconis points out in another answer, the Latin numbers 11 and 12 are undecim and duodecim, so maybe you could change the month names to Undecimber and Duodecimber.
However, it would not be unreasonable to keep the -e- by analogy in the English versions.
I don't know whether adding -ber in Latin would change the vowel or whether later developments in English would naturally lead to a vowel change, but this is just a minor detail.
One practical benefit of the -i- is that it sets the eleventh and twelfth month apart from December.
An option worth serious consideration is having the year start in March instead of January.
This is what the Roman calendar did, and this is why the names are off by two.
This would have the benefit of the months names aligning with the ones already in use.
Here is the suggested list in English resulting from the considerations above:
- Primile
- Altrile or Secundile
- Tertile
- Quartile
- Quintile
- Sextile
- September
- October
- November
- December
- Undecember or Undecimber
- Duodecember or Duodecimber
answered Mar 31 at 18:03
Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta
49.2k1271287
add a comment |
In addition to the familiar September–December, there were two more numerically named months before they were renamed in early imperial era: Quintilis and Sextilis.
These should definitely go to your slots 5 and 6.
In English you could call these Quintile and Sextile.
You seem to have slightly misanalyzed the ending.
What you add to the end of a number is not -ember but -ber.
This is an easy mistake to make, as three of the four usual month numbers (septem, octo, novem, decem) end in -em.
The key observation is that we have October, not Octember.
It appears that the numbers 7–10 get the ending -ber to the cardinal number, whereas 5–6 get the ending -ilis to the (stem of the) ordinal number.
That is, Quin(c)tilis and Sextilis seem to be based on quintus and sextus, not quinque and sex.
So, there are two attested ways to produce month names from numbers.
To me it sounds more natural to use the ordinal one for the first months:
- primus > Primilis
- secundus/alter > Secundilis/Altrilis
tertius > Tertilis (somehow Tertiilis sounds unnatural)- quartus > Quartilis
Tertilis and Quartilis (or Tertile and Quartile in English) sound quite natural to me, but the first two less so.
However, they feel more understandable and Latin to me than the ones you proposed.
With this pattern the first half of the year has -ilis, the second half has -ber.
I find no way around the somewhat clumsy Undecember and Duodecember.
As Draconis points out in another answer, the Latin numbers 11 and 12 are undecim and duodecim, so maybe you could change the month names to Undecimber and Duodecimber.
However, it would not be unreasonable to keep the -e- by analogy in the English versions.
I don't know whether adding -ber in Latin would change the vowel or whether later developments in English would naturally lead to a vowel change, but this is just a minor detail.
One practical benefit of the -i- is that it sets the eleventh and twelfth month apart from December.
An option worth serious consideration is having the year start in March instead of January.
This is what the Roman calendar did, and this is why the names are off by two.
This would have the benefit of the months names aligning with the ones already in use.
Here is the suggested list in English resulting from the considerations above:
- Primile
- Altrile or Secundile
- Tertile
- Quartile
- Quintile
- Sextile
- September
- October
- November
- December
- Undecember or Undecimber
- Duodecember or Duodecimber
answered Mar 31 at 18:03
Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta
49.2k1271287
In addition to the familiar September–December, there were two more numerically named months before they were renamed in early imperial era: Quintilis and Sextilis.
These should definitely go to your slots 5 and 6.
In English you could call these Quintile and Sextile.
You seem to have slightly misanalyzed the ending.
What you add to the end of a number is not -ember but -ber.
This is an easy mistake to make, as three of the four usual month numbers (septem, octo, novem, decem) end in -em.
The key observation is that we have October, not Octember.
It appears that the numbers 7–10 get the ending -ber to the cardinal number, whereas 5–6 get the ending -ilis to the (stem of the) ordinal number.
That is, Quin(c)tilis and Sextilis seem to be based on quintus and sextus, not quinque and sex.
So, there are two attested ways to produce month names from numbers.
To me it sounds more natural to use the ordinal one for the first months:
- primus > Primilis
- secundus/alter > Secundilis/Altrilis
tertius > Tertilis (somehow Tertiilis sounds unnatural)- quartus > Quartilis
Tertilis and Quartilis (or Tertile and Quartile in English) sound quite natural to me, but the first two less so.
However, they feel more understandable and Latin to me than the ones you proposed.
With this pattern the first half of the year has -ilis, the second half has -ber.
I find no way around the somewhat clumsy Undecember and Duodecember.
As Draconis points out in another answer, the Latin numbers 11 and 12 are undecim and duodecim, so maybe you could change the month names to Undecimber and Duodecimber.
However, it would not be unreasonable to keep the -e- by analogy in the English versions.
I don't know whether adding -ber in Latin would change the vowel or whether later developments in English would naturally lead to a vowel change, but this is just a minor detail.
One practical benefit of the -i- is that it sets the eleventh and twelfth month apart from December.
An option worth serious consideration is having the year start in March instead of January.
This is what the Roman calendar did, and this is why the names are off by two.
This would have the benefit of the months names aligning with the ones already in use.
Here is the suggested list in English resulting from the considerations above:
- Primile
- Altrile or Secundile
- Tertile
- Quartile
- Quintile
- Sextile
- September
- October
- November
- December
- Undecember or Undecimber
- Duodecember or Duodecimber
answered Mar 31 at 18:03
Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta
49.2k1271287
edited Apr 1 at 0:36
answered Mar 31 at 18:03
Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta
49.2k1271287
answered Mar 31 at 18:03
Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta
49.2k1271287
answered Mar 31 at 18:03
Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta
49.2k1271287
49.2k1271287
add a comment |
add a comment |
To supplement Joonas's wonderful answer, the words for "eleven" and "twelve" in Latin are undecim and duodecim, with an i. So I would suggest those months be changed to Undecimber and Duodecimber.
answered Mar 31 at 18:42
DraconisDraconis
18.6k22476
Good point! I upgraded my answer a bit. I would find it reasonable to keep the e in the English versions by analogy. I don't really know whether the -ber would have an effect on the vowel in Latin.
– Joonas Ilmavirta♦
Mar 31 at 18:49
1
I would strongly prefer "Undecember" and "Duodecember" rather than using forms ending in "-decimber", both because of the analogy of "September", &al., and the fact the reduction of the "e" to "i" in undecim would not naturally occur in a heavy syllable, as in Undec(e/i)mber.
– varro
Apr 1 at 3:31
@varro Does vowel reduction not happen in heavy syllables? I thought it happened to short vowels no matter what came after them.
– Draconis
Apr 1 at 17:42
1
I probably should have been more precise in my comment. Compare accipere with acceptus - the second vowel in each exhibits a type of vowel reduction, but the closed syllable in acceptus prevents the last stage in the full progression of /a/ -> /e/ -> /i/, which is at issue here. That said, the various numbers ending in -decim seem to be somewhat irregular in that we should expect to see forms such as *undicem, &c. rather than undecim.
– varro
Apr 1 at 19:12
add a comment |
To supplement Joonas's wonderful answer, the words for "eleven" and "twelve" in Latin are undecim and duodecim, with an i. So I would suggest those months be changed to Undecimber and Duodecimber.
answered Mar 31 at 18:42
DraconisDraconis
18.6k22476
Good point! I upgraded my answer a bit. I would find it reasonable to keep the e in the English versions by analogy. I don't really know whether the -ber would have an effect on the vowel in Latin.
– Joonas Ilmavirta♦
Mar 31 at 18:49
1
I would strongly prefer "Undecember" and "Duodecember" rather than using forms ending in "-decimber", both because of the analogy of "September", &al., and the fact the reduction of the "e" to "i" in undecim would not naturally occur in a heavy syllable, as in Undec(e/i)mber.
– varro
Apr 1 at 3:31
@varro Does vowel reduction not happen in heavy syllables? I thought it happened to short vowels no matter what came after them.
– Draconis
Apr 1 at 17:42
1
I probably should have been more precise in my comment. Compare accipere with acceptus - the second vowel in each exhibits a type of vowel reduction, but the closed syllable in acceptus prevents the last stage in the full progression of /a/ -> /e/ -> /i/, which is at issue here. That said, the various numbers ending in -decim seem to be somewhat irregular in that we should expect to see forms such as *undicem, &c. rather than undecim.
– varro
Apr 1 at 19:12
add a comment |
To supplement Joonas's wonderful answer, the words for "eleven" and "twelve" in Latin are undecim and duodecim, with an i. So I would suggest those months be changed to Undecimber and Duodecimber.
answered Mar 31 at 18:42
DraconisDraconis
18.6k22476
To supplement Joonas's wonderful answer, the words for "eleven" and "twelve" in Latin are undecim and duodecim, with an i. So I would suggest those months be changed to Undecimber and Duodecimber.
answered Mar 31 at 18:42
DraconisDraconis
18.6k22476
answered Mar 31 at 18:42
DraconisDraconis
18.6k22476
answered Mar 31 at 18:42
DraconisDraconis
18.6k22476
answered Mar 31 at 18:42
DraconisDraconis
18.6k22476
18.6k22476
Good point! I upgraded my answer a bit. I would find it reasonable to keep the e in the English versions by analogy. I don't really know whether the -ber would have an effect on the vowel in Latin.
– Joonas Ilmavirta♦
Mar 31 at 18:49
1
I would strongly prefer "Undecember" and "Duodecember" rather than using forms ending in "-decimber", both because of the analogy of "September", &al., and the fact the reduction of the "e" to "i" in undecim would not naturally occur in a heavy syllable, as in Undec(e/i)mber.
– varro
Apr 1 at 3:31
@varro Does vowel reduction not happen in heavy syllables? I thought it happened to short vowels no matter what came after them.
– Draconis
Apr 1 at 17:42
1
I probably should have been more precise in my comment. Compare accipere with acceptus - the second vowel in each exhibits a type of vowel reduction, but the closed syllable in acceptus prevents the last stage in the full progression of /a/ -> /e/ -> /i/, which is at issue here. That said, the various numbers ending in -decim seem to be somewhat irregular in that we should expect to see forms such as *undicem, &c. rather than undecim.
– varro
Apr 1 at 19:12
add a comment |
Good point! I upgraded my answer a bit. I would find it reasonable to keep the e in the English versions by analogy. I don't really know whether the -ber would have an effect on the vowel in Latin.
– Joonas Ilmavirta♦
Mar 31 at 18:49
1
I would strongly prefer "Undecember" and "Duodecember" rather than using forms ending in "-decimber", both because of the analogy of "September", &al., and the fact the reduction of the "e" to "i" in undecim would not naturally occur in a heavy syllable, as in Undec(e/i)mber.
– varro
Apr 1 at 3:31
@varro Does vowel reduction not happen in heavy syllables? I thought it happened to short vowels no matter what came after them.
– Draconis
Apr 1 at 17:42
1
I probably should have been more precise in my comment. Compare accipere with acceptus - the second vowel in each exhibits a type of vowel reduction, but the closed syllable in acceptus prevents the last stage in the full progression of /a/ -> /e/ -> /i/, which is at issue here. That said, the various numbers ending in -decim seem to be somewhat irregular in that we should expect to see forms such as *undicem, &c. rather than undecim.
– varro
Apr 1 at 19:12
Good point! I upgraded my answer a bit. I would find it reasonable to keep the e in the English versions by analogy. I don't really know whether the -ber would have an effect on the vowel in Latin.
– Joonas Ilmavirta♦
Mar 31 at 18:49
Good point! I upgraded my answer a bit. I would find it reasonable to keep the e in the English versions by analogy. I don't really know whether the -ber would have an effect on the vowel in Latin.
– Joonas Ilmavirta♦
Mar 31 at 18:49
1
1
I would strongly prefer "Undecember" and "Duodecember" rather than using forms ending in "-decimber", both because of the analogy of "September", &al., and the fact the reduction of the "e" to "i" in undecim would not naturally occur in a heavy syllable, as in Undec(e/i)mber.
– varro
Apr 1 at 3:31
I would strongly prefer "Undecember" and "Duodecember" rather than using forms ending in "-decimber", both because of the analogy of "September", &al., and the fact the reduction of the "e" to "i" in undecim would not naturally occur in a heavy syllable, as in Undec(e/i)mber.
– varro
Apr 1 at 3:31
@varro Does vowel reduction not happen in heavy syllables? I thought it happened to short vowels no matter what came after them.
– Draconis
Apr 1 at 17:42
@varro Does vowel reduction not happen in heavy syllables? I thought it happened to short vowels no matter what came after them.
– Draconis
Apr 1 at 17:42
1
1
I probably should have been more precise in my comment. Compare accipere with acceptus - the second vowel in each exhibits a type of vowel reduction, but the closed syllable in acceptus prevents the last stage in the full progression of /a/ -> /e/ -> /i/, which is at issue here. That said, the various numbers ending in -decim seem to be somewhat irregular in that we should expect to see forms such as *undicem, &c. rather than undecim.
– varro
Apr 1 at 19:12
I probably should have been more precise in my comment. Compare accipere with acceptus - the second vowel in each exhibits a type of vowel reduction, but the closed syllable in acceptus prevents the last stage in the full progression of /a/ -> /e/ -> /i/, which is at issue here. That said, the various numbers ending in -decim seem to be somewhat irregular in that we should expect to see forms such as *undicem, &c. rather than undecim.
– varro
Apr 1 at 19:12
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