Oksennuspallo Lähteet | NavigointivalikkoTeoksen verkkoversioTunturipöllö (Bubo scandiacus)

Linnut


lintupöllötvarislinnutpäiväpetolinnutuikuthaikaratmerimetsotlokitrengastuksessaviruksiabakteerejamikroaaltouunissa








Sarvipöllön oksennuspalloja sekä pallosta löytyneet jyrsijän luut (mittakaava, janan pätkä = 1 cm)


Oksennuspallo on pallo, jonka lintu oksentaa syötyään. Se sisältää sen osan linnun syömästä ravinnosta, jota lintu ei voi käyttää hyväkseen. Oksennuspalloissa on muun muassa karvoja, suomuksia, höyheniä, luita, muovia ja kasvinosia. Muun muassa pöllöt, varislinnut, päiväpetolinnut, uikut, haikarat, merimetsot ja lokit oksentavat sulamattoman osan saaliistaan pallona.[1]




Oksennuspallo


Pöllöt nielevät ruokansa kokonaisina tai suurina kappaleina. Mahan pohjalla sulamattomat ainekset tiivistyvät vähitellen oksennuspalloksi, joka painaa noin kymmenesosan syödystä saaliista. Lintu oksentaa sen ulos noin puoli vuorokautta sen jälkeen, kun on syönyt saaliin.[2]


Oksennuspalloista on löytynyt myös niihin normaalisti kuulumattomia esineitä, kuten rengastuksessa käytettyjä metallirenkaita.[3]


Jyrsijöiden ruumiinosien jäänteet oksennuspalloissa saattavat kantaa niiden viruksia ja bakteereja, minkä takia oksennuspallojen sterilointi esimekiksi mikroaaltouunissa on tärkeää ennen niiden tutkimista. 2000-luvun alussa huonosti steriloidut oksennuspallot aiheuttivat tautiepidemian kahdessa yhdysvaltalaisessa peruskoulussa.[4]



Lähteet |



  1. ↑ Koskinen, Sanna; Makkonen, Erkki ja Verkka, Kirsi: Talven taikaa. Helsinki: Helsingin kaupungin ympäristökeskus, 2001. ISBN 951-718-581-2. Teoksen verkkoversio (PDF) (viitattu 16.9.2009).


  2. ↑ Tunturipöllö (Bubo scandiacus) tunturisusi.com. Viitattu 16.9.2009.


  3. ↑ Terres, John. K. The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of North American Birds, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1980. ISBN 0-394-46651-9


  4. ↑ Smith KE, Anderson F, Medus C, Leano F, Adams J 2005. Outbreaks of salmonellosis at elementary schools associated with dissection of owl pellets. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 5, 133–136







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