Lähentymiskriteeri Sisällysluettelo Hintakehitys | Julkisen talouden kehitys | Valuuttakurssikehitys | Pitkien korkojen kehitys | Lähteet | NavigointivalikkoEuroopan keskuspankki EKP

EuroEuroopan unionin talous


Euroopan unionineuroksiInflaatioastekeskiarvobruttokansantuotteestabruttokansantuotteestaeurondevalvaationrevalvaation





Lähentymiskriteerit (myös konvergenssikriteerit, Maastrichtin kriteerit) ovat ne ehdot, joiden täytyttyä Euroopan unionin jäsenvaltio voi saada luvan vaihtaa kansallisen valuuttansa euroksi.


Kriteerejä on neljä: hintakehitys, julkisen talouden kehitys, valuuttakurssikehitys ja pitkien korkojen kehitys




Sisällysluettelo





  • 1 Hintakehitys


  • 2 Julkisen talouden kehitys


  • 3 Valuuttakurssikehitys


  • 4 Pitkien korkojen kehitys


  • 5 Lähteet




Hintakehitys |


Inflaatioaste saa olla enintään 1,5 prosenttiyksikköä yli kolmen parhaiten suoriutuneen jäsenmaan inflaatioasteen. Kolme parhaiten suoriutunutta jäsenvaltiota ovat ne, joissa inflaatioaste on ollut pienin. Näistä lasketaan keskiarvo. Jos siis kolmen parhaan maan inflaatioasteet ovat olleet esimerkiksi 1 %, 1,2 % ja 1,5 %, niin näiden keskiarvo on (1 % + 1,2 % + 1,5 %) / 3 = 1,23 %. Euroa käyttöönsä haluavan maan inflaatio ei tässä esimerkkitapauksessa siis saa olla enempää kuin 1,23 % + 1,5 % = 2,73 %.



Julkisen talouden kehitys |


Ennakoitu tai toteutunut julkistalouden alijäämä ei saa ylittää 3 % bruttokansantuotteesta, ja julkinen velka on enintään 60 % bruttokansantuotteesta. Lisäksi on eräitä muita kriteerejä, katso tarkemmin lähdeviitteestä.



Valuuttakurssikehitys |


Euroa käyttöönsä haluavan jäsenmaan on oltava ns. ERM II-vaiheessa vähintään kahden vuoden ajan, ennen kuin euron käyttöönotosta voidaan päättää. Tänä aikana maan kansallisen valuutan kurssi ei saa vaihdella enempää kuin ± 15 % ERM II -keskikurssista, nykyisin käytännössä euron arvosta. Tuon kahden vuoden aikana maan valuutan kurssiin ei myöskään saa kohdistua merkittävää muuttamispainetta (toisin sanoen keinotekoinen devalvaation tai revalvaation välttäminen ei tule kysymykseen).



Pitkien korkojen kehitys |


Euron käyttöönotosta päättämistä edeltävän vuoden aikana maan pitkäaikaisten korkojen taso saa olla enintään 2 prosenttiyksikköä yli kolmen inflaatioasteeltaan alhaisimman jäsenmaan pitkän aikavälin korkotason. Euroa käyttöönsä haluavasta maasta lasketaan siis viimeisen 12 kuukauden pitkien korkojen keskiarvo, jota verrataan kolmen inflaatioltaan alhaisimman maan pitkien korkojen keskiarvoon.



Lähteet |


  • Euroopan keskuspankki EKP

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