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Georgian historialliset maakunnat


georg.georg.GeorgiassaMtskheta-MtianetinKartlinMtskhetanMtkvariKsaniinAragviinDzalisiKaukasian IberianDavit IVŠiomghvimen luostarilleSvetitskhovelinBagrationiDavit XBagratilleGiorgi IIMukhranin herrattavadinMukhraniVenäjän keisarikunta





Tämä artikkeli käsittelee aluetta, suvusta katso Mukhrani (suku).

Mukhrani (georg. მუხრანი), alun perin Mukhnari (georg. მუხნარი, "tammilehto"), on historiallinen alankoalue itäisessä Georgiassa. Se sijaitsee nykyisen Mtskheta-Mtianetin hallintoalueen (mkhare) ja historiallisen Kartlin alueen rajojen sisällä Mtskhetan kaupungin pohjoispuolella. Se rajoittuu Mtkvari-jokeen ja sen kahteen sivujokeen Ksaniin ja Aragviin.


Mukhrani sijaitsi strategisella alueella, jonka läpi kulki antiikin ja keskiajan aikaan keskeisiä liikennereittejä. Se on hedelmällistä ja helposti kasteltavaa aluetta, joten se oli taloudellisesti kehittynyt ja toimi tietyssä mielessä linkkinä Kartlin ala- ja ylämaa-alueiden välillä. 100–300-luvuilla alueella sijaitsi Dzalisi, yksi Kaukasian Iberian tärkeimmistä asutuskeskuksista. Keskiaikaisissa georgialaisissa kronikoissa Mukhrania kuvataan metsittyneeksi alueeksi, jota Georgian kuninkaat suosivat metsästysmaanaan. Aatelisen Dzaganisdze-perheen kerrotaan pitäneen aluetta hallussaan 700–800-luvuilta aina vuoteen 1123, kun kuningas Davit IV takavarikoi sen. Mukhranista tuli kukoistava kuninkaallisten maiden osa, ja kruunu lahjoitti siitä myöhemmin osuudet Šiomghvimen luostarille ja Svetitskhovelin katedraalille.


Vuonna 1512 Mukhrani siirtyi perintönä Kartlin kuninkaallisen Bagrationi-dynastian haaralle. Kartlin kuningas Davit X lahjoitti alueen pikkuveljelleen Bagratille palkkioksi siitä, että tämä oli auttanut häntä viereisen georgialaisvaltakunnan Kakhetin kuningasta Giorgi II:ta vastaan. Siitä eteenpäin Mukhranin herrat tunnettiin nimellä Mukhran-Batoni ja myöhemmin nimellä Bagration-Mukhraneli. Kuninkaan vallan taantuessa Mukhranista tuli autonominen läänitys, satavado, eli "tavadin (prinssin) alue". Sitä kutsuttiin nimellä Samukhranbatono eli "Mukhran-Batonin maa".[1] Ruhtinaskunnan tärkein asutuskeskus oli Šios-Ubani, joka tunnettiin 1770-luvulta lähtien nimellä Mukhrani, kun taas Mtkvari- ja Ksani-jokien yhtymäkohtaan 1500-luvulla rakennettu linnoitus toimi alueen merkittävimpänä linnakkeena. Muita Mukhran-Batonien hallitsemia kyliä olivat Aghaiani, Kandagiani, Tezi, Okami ja jonkin aikaa myös Lamisqana ja Gremiskhevi. Mukhranin itsehallinto jatkui siihen saakka kun Venäjän keisarikunta liitti itäisen Georgian itseensä vuonna 1801, mutta se lakkautettiin lopullisesti vasta 1840-luvulla.[2]



Lähteet |



  1. ↑ Suny, Ronald Grigor: The Making of the Georgian Nation, s. 46–7. Indiana University Press, 1994. ISBN 0253209153.


  2. ↑ სამუხრანბატონო (Samukhranbatono), s. 40. Tbilisi: Kartuli sabtšota entsiklopedia (Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia), vol. 9, 1985.








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