Simone Arnold Liebster Lähteet | Aiheesta muualla | NavigointivalikkoSilmätysten leijonan kanssaReview of Liebster, Simone Arnold, Facing the Lion: Memoirs of a Young Girl in Nazi EuropeSilmätysten leijonan kanssaCase Study: Simone Arnold-LiebsterVideotiedostoja, joissa Simone Liebster kertoo kokemuksistaan

Jehovan todistajatVuonna 1930 syntyneet


1930AlsaceJehovan todistajanatsihallinnonGestapoDachaun keskitysleiriinBund Deutscher MädeliinHeil HitleriäSodan





Simone Arnold Liebster (s. 1930 Alsace) on Jehovan todistaja, joka joutui nuorena tyttönä natsihallinnon vuoksi uskonnollisen vainon kohteeksi. Hän on kirjoittanut kokemuksistaan omaelämäkerran Silmätysten leijonan kanssa.[1][2][3][4]


Varhaislapsuutensa 1930-luvulla Alsacen vuoristoalueella eläneen Simonen perhe joutui vaikeuksiin kansallissosialistisen Saksan miehitettyä alueen. He nimittäin olivat aktiivisia Jehovan todistajia, joiden toiminnan natsit olivat kieltäneet. Perhe kohtasi kieltojen seurauksena monia ongelmia, kuten Adolphe-isän työpaikan menetyksen ja sen, että Gestapo sulki perheen käyttämän pankkitilin. Adolphe joutui lopulta Dachaun keskitysleiriin 1941. Tämän jälkeen Simone vietiin kasvatuslaitokseen, koska hän ei suostunut liittymään Bund Deutscher Mädeliin eikä lausumaan Heil Hitleriä. Myös hänen äitinsä lähetettiin keskitysleiriin syyskuussa 1943. Kasvatuslaitoksessa Simonea yritettiin saada luopumaan uskonnollisista näkemyksistään ruumiillisen kurituksen, äärimmäisen kovan työn, nälkiinnyttämisen ja erilaisten rajoitusten avulla – esimerkiksi muille lapsille puhuminen oli kielletty. Kansallissosialistit olivat kehittäneet erityisen lomakkeen, jolla uskosta luopuminen ilmaistiin. Sekä Simone että hänen isänsä ja äitinsä eivät kuitenkaan allekirjoittaneet sitä, vaikka allekirjoittamisen myötä he olisivat päässeet vapaiksi. Lomake esitettiin heille useita kertoja.[2][3][4]


Sodan jälkeen kävi ilmi, että kaikki kolme Arnoldin perheen jäsentä olivat selvinneet hengissä. Sopeutuminen takaisin normaalielämään oli kuitenkin heille erittäin vaikeaa sota-ajan kokemusten vuoksi.[2]



Lähteet |



  1. ↑ Silmätysten leijonan kanssa HelMet-verkkokirjasto. Viitattu 16.2.2012.


  2. ↑ abc McCann, Gillian: Review of Liebster, Simone Arnold, Facing the Lion: Memoirs of a Young Girl in Nazi Europe H-Holocaust. Syyskuu 2001. H-Net Reviews. Viitattu 16.2.2012. (englanniksi)


  3. ↑ ab Silmätysten leijonan kanssa Suomalainen.com. Suomalainen.com. Viitattu 16.2.2012.


  4. ↑ ab Case Study: Simone Arnold-Liebster hmd.org.uk. Holocaust Memorial Day Trust. Viitattu 16.2.2012. (englanniksi)



Aiheesta muualla |



  • Videotiedostoja, joissa Simone Liebster kertoo kokemuksistaan (englanniksi)

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