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Hevosajoneuvot


ransk.hevosvetoisiaPariisinFiacriuksenEnglannissaYhdysvalloissaWienissä







Museoitu fiakkeri.




Fiakkeri Itävallan parlamentin edustalla.


Fiakkeri (ransk. fiacre) tarkoittaa osittain tai kokonaan katettuja hevosvetoisia ajurinvaunuja. Ensimmäiset fiakkerit olivat kuomullisia, mutta muuten avoimia, nelipyöräisiä vaunuja, joita veti kolme hevosta Pariisin mutaisilla kaduilla. Nimitys pohjautuu siihen, että ensimmäiset tällaiset vaunut alkoivat tarjota palvelujaan 1640-luvulla pariisilaisen majatalon Hôtel Saint-Fiacre edustalla. Se oli nimetty pyhän Fiacriuksen mukaan.


Pariisissa oli 1794 käytössä noin 800 fiakkeria ja 1800-luvulla niiden määrä oli yli 1 500. Fiakkereissa oli 1800-luvulla kokonaan katettu matkustamo ajurin istuessa täysin avoimella penkillään. Samalla vuosisadalla fiakkerin kaltaisia vaunuja käytettiin Englannissa ja Yhdysvalloissa, jossa niistä käytettiin nimitystä hackney. Wienissä fiakkerista käytettiin nimitystä Fiaker.



Lähteet |


  • The New Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica 2003, ISBN 0-85229-961-3

  • Tietosanakirja, Tietosanakirja osakeyhtiö 1909–1919


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