James Hoban Lähteet | Aiheesta muualla | NavigointivalikkoJames HobanJames HobanHoban, James

Yhdysvaltalaiset arkkitehditIrlantilaiset arkkitehditAmerikanirlantilaisetVuonna 1831 kuolleet


17581762CallanKilkennyn kreivikuntaIrlanti8. joulukuuta1831WashingtonYhdysvallatarkkitehtiYhdysvaltain presidentinValkoinen taloDublinissaDublin SocietynYrjöjen ajan tyyliäPhiladelphiassaEtelä-CarolinaanColumbiassaPierre Charles L’EnfantinNew YorkiinFederal HalliaYhdysvaltain sisällissodassaLeinster HouseJames GibbsindollariaperuskiviCapitolsotaministeriönvuoden 1812 sodassa







James Hoban, vahamuotokuva noin vuodelta 1800.


James Hoban (n. 1758 tai 1762 Callan, Kilkennyn kreivikunta, Irlanti – 8. joulukuuta 1831 Washington, Yhdysvallat)[1][2] oli irlantilaissyntyinen yhdysvaltalainen arkkitehti, jonka tunnetuin suunnittelutyö on Yhdysvaltain presidentin virka-asunto Valkoinen talo Washingtonissa.


Hoban opiskeli arkkitehdiksi Dublinissa ja voitti vuonna 1780 piirustuksillaan Dublin Societyn palkinnon.[2] Koko uransa ajan hän noudatti suunnittelutöissään tuolloin oppimaansa Yrjöjen ajan tyyliä.[1] Hoban muutti Irlannista Yhdysvaltoihin vuonna 1785.[3] Asuttuaan ensin Philadelphiassa hän asettui Etelä-Carolinaan. Hobanin ensimmäinen merkittävä suunnittelutyö oli vuonna 1791 valmistunut Etelä-Carolinan edustajakokouksen talo Columbiassa. Rakennus, jonka julkisivu mukaili Pierre Charles L’Enfantin New Yorkiin pari vuotta aiemmin suunnittelemaa Federal Hallia, tuhoutui Yhdysvaltain sisällissodassa vuonna 1865.[1]




Hobanin alkuperäinen julkisivupiirros Valkoisesta talosta (1792).


Vuonna 1792 Hoban voitti suunnittelukilpailun presidentin virka-asunnosta vastikään perustetussa pääkaupungissa. Hobanin alkuperäisen suunnitelman selkein esikuva oli Dublinin Leinster House, mutta lopullisen julkisivun mallina toimi eräs kuva englantilaisen James Gibbsin vuonna 1728 julkaisemasta kirjasta Book of Architecture.[1][3] Hoban määrättiin johtamaan suunnittelemansa talon rakennustöitä, mistä hän sai palkkioksi 500 dollaria ja tontin pääkaupungin alueelta. Valkoisen talon peruskivi muurattiin vuonna 1793, mutta talo valmistui vasta 1801. Hoban oli vuosina 1793–1802 myös yksi Washingtonin Capitol-rakennuksen rakentamista valvoneista ylitarkastajista.[1] Muita Hobanin Washingtoniin suunnittelemia rakennuksia olivat Grand Hotel (1793–1795), Little Hotel (1795) ja sotaministeriön talo (1818),[1] joista yksikään ei ole säilynyt.[3] Valkoisen talon tuhouduttua pahoin vuoden 1812 sodassa Hoban valvoi sen vuosina 1814–1829 toteutettua uudelleenrakentamista.[1][3]


Hoban on haudattu Mount Olivetin katoliselle hautausmaalle Washingtoniin.[2]



Lähteet |



  1. ↑ abcdefg James Hoban (englanniksi) Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Viitattu 17.4.2019.


  2. ↑ abc James Hoban (englanniksi) Histories of the National Mall. Viitattu 17.4.2019.


  3. ↑ abcd Hoban, James (englanniksi) A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (2000), Encyclopedia.com. Viitattu 17.4.2019.



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