Robert Burton Sisällysluettelo Elämä | Melankolian määritelmä ja hoito | Teokset | Lähteet | Aiheesta muualla | NavigointivalikkoRobert Burton – English author, scholar, and clergymanRobert Burtonin teoksiaWorks by or about Robert BurtonWorks by Robert Burton

Englantilaiset tietokirjailijatVuonna 1577 syntyneetVuonna 1640 kuolleet


8. helmikuuta157725. tammikuuta1640englantilainenOxfordin yliopistossaLindleyssäLeicestershiressäOxfordissaastrologiaanmelankolianhumoraalioppiaSaturnusMarsilio Ficinoitsemurhan







Robert Burton, 1635


Robert Burton (8. helmikuuta 1577 – 25. tammikuuta 1640) oli englantilainen oppinut, joka työskenteli Oxfordin yliopistossa. Hänen tunnetuin teoksensa The Anatomy of Melancholy julkaistiin vuonna 1621.




Sisällysluettelo





  • 1 Elämä


  • 2 Melankolian määritelmä ja hoito


  • 3 Teokset


  • 4 Lähteet


  • 5 Aiheesta muualla




Elämä |


Robert Burton syntyi Lindleyssä, Leicestershiressä. Hänen vanhempansa olivat Ralph ja Dorothy Burton. Robertin veli oli muinaistutkija William Burton. Burton vietti suurimman osan elämästään Oxfordissa. Hän opiskeli useita eri aineita, mukaan lukien matematiikkaa, sekä perehtyi astrologiaan. Hän suorittu vuonna 1614 kandidaatin tutkinnon jumaluusopista.[1]



Melankolian määritelmä ja hoito |


Burtonin teos The Anatomy of Melancholy julkaistiin useana niteenä, jotka käsittelivät melankolian eri osa-alueita. Hän pyrki määrittelemään melankolian ja tarkastelemaan sen syitä sekä esitti erilaisia hoitokeinoja. Burton oli omien sanojensa mukaan itse taipuvainen raskasmielisyyteen, mikä oli hänelle motivaationa melankoliasta kirjoittamiseen (”I write of Melancholy, by being busie to avoid melancholy”).[2]


Burtonin määritelmän mukaan melankolia oli sekä fysiologinen että analoginen sairaus. 1600-luvun tieteessä vallalla ollutta humoraalioppia seuraten Burton kytki melankolian mustan sapen liiallisuuteen elimistössä, joka puolestaan oli yhteydessä maa-elementtiin ja Saturnus-planeettaan. Vaikka taipumus melankoliaan oli synnynnäistä, Burton katsoi myös ympäristön ja henkilön omien toimien vaikuttavan melankolisen tilan syntyyn. Ajalleen epätyypilliseen tapaan Burton katsoi myös sosioekonomisten seikkojen, kuten köyhyyden, voivan aiheuttaa melankoliaa.


Melankolian hoito- ja ehkäisykeinoiksi Burton esitti erilaisia yrtti- ja toimintaterapioita. Italialainen renessanssifilosofi Marsilio Ficino (1433–1499) oli esittänyt musiikin, raittiin ilman, hyvien tuoksujen ja maukkaan ruuan auttavan melankoliaan. Burton lisäsi näiden hoitojen joukkoon suosituksia melankolikoille välttää liiallista lukemista, hakeutua muiden ihmisten seuraan ja pyrkiä elämään ylipäänsä tasapainoista elämää.


Burtonin mukaan melankoliaan liittyi taipumus haluta surmata itsensä. Kytkemällä itsemurhan psykologiseen tilaan, kuten melankoliaan, Burtonin kirjoitukset loivat pohjaa itsemurhan dekriminalisoinnille ja sekularisoitumiselle.[2]



Teokset |



  • The Anatomy of Melancholy, New York Review of Books, 2001 – one-volume reprint of 1932 3-volume Everyman pocket edition, with a new introduction by William H. Gass


Lähteet |



  1. ↑ Robert Burton – English author, scholar, and clergyman Encyclopedia Britannica. Viitattu 21.10.2015.


  2. ↑ ab Minois, Georges: History of Suicide: Voluntary Death in Western Culture, s. 99–101. The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999.



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Wikisitaateissa on kokoelma sitaatteja aiheesta Robert Burton.



Aiheesta muualla |



  • Robert Burtonin teoksia Gutenberg-projektissa. (englanniksi)


  • Works by or about Robert Burton Internet Archivessa. (englanniksi)


  • Works by Robert Burton LibriVoxissa. (englanniksi)


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